students lying on the floor reading with the teacher

Story tool I: Improve story retelling

teaching practice
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For student year

Early years
Middle years

Helps students to

  • retell stories
  • sequence events
  • Helps teachers to

  • scaffold story retelling
  • Summary

    Retelling stories is a critical component of transitioning students from oral language use to more literate forms of language. For students to be able to retell stories they need to structure events, identify and understand the key elements of the story, and understand the characters' perspectives.

    This practice uses visual scaffolding resources to explicitly instruct students how to retell events and settings that include characters and places. These resources include session plans, scripts and questions for you to ask your students. Each teaching session is underpinned by seven evidence-based pedagogical elements.

    Watch the video to learn more about this practice.

    Duration: 2:33


    Australian Professional Standards for Teachers related to this practice

    2.5 - literacy and numeracy strategies

    4.1 - support student participation

    For further information, see Australian Professional Standards for Teachers AITSL page

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    Preparing to teach

    Story retelling

    For students to be able to retell a story they need to:

    • understand the story
    • provide sufficient information so that others can understand the who, where and what of the story, and
    • organise the information in the story so that others can understand what is happening and why it is happening.

    Some students, including those on the autism spectrum, may struggle with:

    • providing sufficient and relevant information about the story, and
    • sequencing this information in an order that is easy to follow.

    These skills are critical for the oral retelling of stories that others can understand and enjoy. They are also a precursor skill for students’ written story retells.

    The Story Grammar approach scaffolds students through the story telling process. 

    Below you will find an outline on three small group sessions centered around the children's story Miss Nelson is missing! by Harry Allard. The sessions are designed to give you the flexibility to redirect or ask further questions to meet your students’ learning needs and readiness to learn.

    The resources for each session are available in the Resources section of this practice, and include:

    • the inclusionED Story tool 
    • the question scripts
    • student Story tool and activities (when applicable)

    In the classroom

    Teaching the strategy

    The three small group sessions are centered around the children's story Miss Nelson is missing! by Harry Allard. The sessions are designed to give you the flexibility to redirect or ask further questions to meet your students’ learning needs and readiness to learn. 

    The brief outline below includes the primary session objective and the steps of the session. All session plans and other resources are available in the downloadable practice booklet in the resources tab below.

    Each session document includes the learning objectives, key vocabulary, materials, session plan, and the story retelling script and questions.

    Retell session 1: Understand and retell the story

    1. Teacher outlines the session
    2. Teacher reads the story
    3. Teacher asks questions from the Story Retelling Script
    4. Teacher models retelling the story using the Story tool
    5. Each student retells the story using the Story tool
    6. Teacher summarises the key skills learnt in the session
    7. Teacher concludes lesson and gives a brief overview of the next session

    The first step in being able to retell the story is to know who the characters are and what the characters are doing. This step provides students with a scaffold so they can then look at the characters in more detail.

    With this step, students will:

    • learn to identify and select relevant information about the characters and the story
    • make connections between characters, actions and events
    • become more familiar with the main characters
    • build their knowledge and understanding of the story
    • develop their confidence in story retelling

    Retell session 2: Explore a main character

    Complete the Story Character Map (Miss Nelson)

    1. Teacher outlines the session
    2. Teacher reads the story
    3. Teacher asks questions from the Story retelling script
    4. Teacher models the character map (Miss Nelson)
    5. Each student completes a character map (Miss Nelson)
    6. Each student retells the story using their Story tool
    7. Teacher summarises the key skills learnt in the lesson
    8. Teacher concludes lesson and gives a brief overview of the next session

    The second step is focusing on one of the main characters from the story. It is best if the teacher selects the character for the class to focus on.

    Using the story character template, students will explore and describe the characters':

    • physical appearance 
    • personality (likes and dislikes)
    • mental states (thoughts and feelings)
    • reasons for their mental state (why they feel this way)

    This step provides the scaffolding for students to work more independently on their own character map in the next session. The students can use the character story template to support their own oral or written retell of the story. 

    It is important that all students are supported to complete their own story map.

      Retell session 3: Independently explore a character

      This session provides an opportunity for students to complete the story character template independently for a different character (Miss Swamp). It enables students to practice what they have learnt so far and where they may need further support. 

      When students can demonstrate their understanding of the character, they can move on to the next practice Story Grammar II: Improve social perspective-taking

      Complete the Story Character Map (Miss Swamp)

      1. Teacher outlines the session
      2. Teacher re-reads the story
      3. Teacher asks questions from the Story retelling script
      4. Each student completes a character map (Miss Swamp)
      5. Each student retells the story using their Story tool
      6. Teacher summarises the key skills learnt in the lesson
      7. Teacher concludes lesson and gives a brief overview of the next session

      About the resources

      Teacher Story tool

      Your version of the Story tool has the same graphics as the students but includes questions for you to ask. You can use your Story tool to model retelling the story. The teacher Story tool can be found in the downloadable practice booklet in the resources tab below.

      Student Story tool.

      Your students’ Story tool resource is smaller and designed to fold out so that they can focus on the section of the story that they are retelling. There are no questions written on the student version. The student Story tool is in the downloadable practice booklet under the resources tab below.

      With teacher guidance, story grammar tools provide a structured way of creating story character ‘maps’ and thinking about the different parts of the story as well as each character’s perspective (Dodd et al, 2011). During the three sessions you and your students will use our Story tool.

      Watch as Sofia describes how the student Story tool is used.

      Duration 2:41

      Practice toolkit

      Practice implementation planner template

      We know that it is not always easy to keep track of what is working and what is not. So, we have created this template for you to record and reflect on what you are doing to help you create a more inclusive classroom. The implementation planner contains:

      • Guidance around goal setting
      • Reflection section (What worked, didn’t work and what to change and next steps.)
      • Prompting questions

      Implementation planner template

      Implementation planner with examples

      Set your professional learning goal for:

      Story tool I: Improve story retelling
      You can set and save your goal for inclusive practices using inclusionED. Saved goals will appear in your profile. Here you can access, refine and review your goal easily.

      Benefits of goal setting

      Setting, working towards, and reflecting on goals helps you grow professionally and improve your practice. You can access AITSL learning resources for teachers to learn more about:
      How to set goals
      The Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership recommends using the SMART matrix to frame your goal setting.

      SMART goals refers to goals that are:
      • Specific
      • Measurable
      • Achievable
      • Relevant
      • Time-phased
      Read more about Improving teaching practices.

      Resources

      Story tool teacher information

      Story tool - Teacher single page

      Story tool – Student version single page

      Story tool - Teacher folding version

      Story tool - Student folding version

      Related Practices

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